History is shaped upon real events of life and historiographers through witnessing or having access to eyewitnesses' accounts on these events attempt to describe and analyze them. Of course, these descriptions and analyses play an important role in the cultural understanding of a nation. The main argument of this article is that these descriptions and analyses eventually take the form of some "texts" (verbal or other forms). In other words, the outcome of them changes or reduces to a system of language (text) - and particularly verbal text. Therefore, historical documents and texts are bound by the potentials and limitations of language. The questions of this article are as follows: Is historiography made possible merely through linguistic representation? What are the linguistic limitations of historical texts? To what extent can historical texts be objective? Can we consider the nature of history as textual? Is there any substantial distinction between historiography and narrating stories?

This paper is aims to review the book entitled Review of History: What and Why? byBeverley Southgate. Our findings show that this book is not an original work which contains speculations of the author, but it is an elementary text book about one of the most important questions of the philosophy of history, i. e. Does history have any kind of objectivity? In a good manner, he gathered views of the former as well as the latter. Also, he shows that how the history, as a disciplines affected by other fields of humanities. Its language is simple and has a logical structure. But relativistic and subjectivist approach of the author is one of the challenging aspects of this book in Iranian philosophical atmosphere. This book is old and its subject matters are very limited.

Thinking about history has increased and gained a wide range of changes in recent decades. If we consider the “ Philosophy of History” to be the result of these changes, given the almost great distance between us Iranians and the world level of these studies, the importance of the methodical awareness of new studies and approaches in this issue becomes clear. “ History by Narrative of Philosophy: From Herodotus to Alain Badiou” , deserves to be read as an outstanding book in this field because of its characteristics. This article is a critical review of the book in the following topics: the ambiguity of the book’ s title, the divergent multiplicity of the book’ s purpose, the confusion in the chapters and sub-chapters, the ambiguity of the position of this book among the other works in this field, the obvious lack of paying attention to the Eastern and Islamic heritage, Confusion and inconsistency of the terms related to the currents of thought and finally ambiguity in new definition of history. After reflecting on the technical and editorial aspects of the work, the paper concludes that although the book fails to distinguish between the philosophical narrative of history and narrative of the philosophy of history, and so it has been far from the conventional mentality of historians, but it has many useful benefits for them.

Man’s natural inclination towards rational detection of the surrounding realities, which has been manifested in the forms of oral and visual storytelling about his physical and intellectual experiences throughout history, was allegedly studied in a systematic way by Russian, in tandem with, Anglo- American formalists for the first time ever at the outset of the twentieth century. Then their intellectual legacies passed on to the francophone narratologists through the works of the Prague school structuralists and from the mid- twentiethe century on, were embodied under the rubric of Narratologie and fostered in a very broadr sense including modern literary narratives. However, reviewing certain binary, taxonomic, and typological concepts underlying the structural – narrotological outlook, in this article we have followed up the diverse genealogical lines of the "morphological narrative studies"- especially those based on the linguistically oriented theories- a little bit further beyond their very well acknowledged formalist ones, into the German tradition. We could not have started the venture, had we not drawn briefly on the most fundamental ideas put forward by such outstanding figures in the discipline as Barthes, Genette, Stanzel, Bremond, Ball, Chatman, Prince, Todorov, as well as many others. Finally, we have touched upon the recent developments brought about in the field of narrative studies, directly under the impact of cognitive linguistic pragmatics.

The Noble Qur’, an is considered one of the holiest international documents that have transmitted to all mankind the history of nations, civilizations, cultures, collective and individual personalities confronting historical data since the beginning of creation and throughout the ages. The importance of the ontology of history in it comes as a result of what it included in terms of narrative tracing of the stories of the prophets, kings and sultans, and the conditions of peoples and groups, such as (Pharaoh, Qarun, Dhul-Qarnayn, Aad, Thamud) and others, who strengthened the idea of existence and demonstrated the miracle of the Creator, thus introducing the text The Qur’, an through the historical narration of all the preceding concepts of guidance, exhortation and consideration, as well as diagnosing the mechanisms of argument and discussion with the deniers and dissenters. Resorted (Quranic text) to human liberation from the space-time limitations (place / time) and the walls of the local area to different spaces instilled in which the seeds of reflection and contemplation and reproduction of meaning )kadd was in their stories a lesson for men of understanding what was blasphemed but to believe that his hands and detail Everything is guidance and mercy for a people who believe in Surat Al-Baqarah: 143. This research came to discuss the history and its narrative representations in the Qur’, an text, in order to find out the most important goals, features, patterns and outputs of this coordinated combination between narration and history.

The nature of Dasatiri texts or neo Zoroastrian issue has been investigated by humanities scholars for ages. Azarkayvanians attitudes towards Iran history and Dasatiri narrative on history of ancient Iran and impact on Qajars era Historiography have not been taken into account to a great extant. Historians of Qajar period reaction toward Dasatiri narrative on history of ancient Iran is the main issue being investigated in the present study. The research hypothesis is that despite accepting Dasatiri narrative on history of ancient Iran, Qajars historians rejected and criticized it. This study primarily aims at considering Azarkayvanians attitudes toward historiography narratives of Qajar era about history of ancient Iran and the maner in which historians have been affected by Dasātiri texts from Fath Ali shahs to constitutional era.

In the age of Nāser al-din Shāh Qājār (1831-1896) took place many political, social, economical and cultural developments in Iran. One case was in the subject of histography. Jalal al Din Mirzā Gājār (1830-1872) was the pioneer in this field. The present article, by considering his Persian Purism (using only words of Persian origin words) in his writings, tries to study his ideas about histography.